“There were a lot of things we lost over the years.” “Well, when people ask if you want to live in the Stone Age, the answer is yes, in some ways,” Zerzan says. Referring to a New Yorker article published in 1995 titled “E Pluribus Unabomber,” he says one way that Kaczynski failed rhetorically is by addressing this question. Zerzan’s arguments lead to the question of whether this means humans should return to their pre-technological days. “That’s one thing I’ve been trying to do, contribute to the critique - minus sending bombs in the mail,” Zerzan says. But he appreciates the criticism of civilization found in the manifesto. Zerzan says that Kaczynski’s living methods aren’t his favorite example to provide as an alternative to civilization.
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While Kaczynski was on trial and in prison, Zerzan would write and visit him and even appeared on the Netflix documentary series Unabomber: In His Own Words (2020). Kaczynski’s manifesto focused on the damages that the Industrial Revolution had on forcing humans away from freedom and meaning, Zerzan says, creating a dependency on technology. Years later, his work on anti-civilization technologies brought him to correspond with Kaczynski, who mailed bombs for decades before his family turned him in and whose manifesto propelled anarcho-primitivism into the mainstream.Īfter resigning from his academic post at the University of California, Berkeley, Kaczynski moved off the grid to Montana, where he wrote his manifesto but couldn’t get it published anywhere, Zerzan says.
“People got along so well and had community, they didn’t destroy the planet. “All of that was a complete revelation to me. Zerzan says he discovered anthropology by accident in the 1980s while reading about what hunter-gatherer life was like before farming and domestication. “We are in grave danger of being completely dominated and domesticated by technology, the wellspring of a world lacking in both meaning and value,” Zerzan writes in the book. Throughout the book When We Are Human, he points to the role that factories have had in forcing people away from natural routines, that art is a distraction, and that communicating through symbols - such as text messages and political messages - separates us. When Zerzan refers to technology, he doesn’t mean only computers and smartphones. “If we plod along as business as usual, it’s a course of suicide,” he says. With the urgency of climate change, Zerzan says civilization needs to reconsider itself and the technologies it relies on because time is running out. “Maybe we look at certain things anew in that light.” “I think there’s only one civilization left, and this is it, and it’s failing,” Zerzan says.
It’s an ideology that was thrown into the mainstream by Ted Kaczynski (also known as the Unabomber), with whom Zerzan had shared anticivilization ideas during his high profile trial and while in prison.
Put simply, anarcho-primitivism is anti-technology and calls for the abolition of the large-scale industrialization that has distanced humans from our nature.
Zerzan is famous as one of the major developers of the anarcho-primitivism worldview and in 2014 spoke out against a group that tried to inject transphobia into the theory.
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